Evidence Of Technological Change :: essays research papers

The early evidence on the importance of technological changes a source of the shifts in the relative demand for different types of labor during the 1980s came from case studies. The Bureau of labor Statistics conducted several case studies of the effects of changes in production processes in particular industries (Mark, 1987). In an industry that experienced a significant change in technology, the usual pattern was a dramatic reduction in the employment of production workers with an increase or no change in the number of skilled workers in that industry. More recently there have been several econometric analyses of the effects of variables like the (appropriately lagged) rate of investment in computers and/ or other forms of â€Å"information capital† and the ratio of expenditures on research and development to sales on changes in the skill composition of industries (for examples, Berman, Bound and Griliches, 1994). The results of these studies are consistent with those of the case studies and the hypotheses that the recent technological change has shifted the relative demand for skilled labor to the right.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Changes in production techniques have widened across the country quickly, especially the multinational firms. Thus, if technological change is an important determinant of relative demand shifts, one would expect to observe patterns in other industrialized countries similar to those in the United States. Some of the recent studies report results for a variety of old industrialized (OECD) countries that are indeed consistent with the U.S. results (Collechia and Papaconstantinou, 1996; Machin, Ryan and Van Reenan, 1996). These countries vary a great deal with respect to changes in their situations with respect to trade, labor market institutions (like the importance of trade unions), and unemployment. Obviously, the relative demand for skilled labor in each of them is rising rapidly. In my view, it is the fairly strong evidence in favor of the wage inequality and technological change story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A factor that is often cited as the specific issue of the post-1980 is the widespread adoption of computer technology throughout the economy. As mentioned above, the rate of skilled labor has tended to be greatest in those industries with the highest rate of investment in computers. There is also evidence that workers who use computers on the job have, other things constant, higher earnings than those who do not (Krueger, 1993). In my view, it is probably too early to determine that how much of the technological change dues to computers affect wage inequality, but we will know more about the answer to this question in 20 years.

Alcoholic Anonymous Essay

Recently, I attended an A.A. meeting, which stands for, alcoholic anonymous. The meeting I went to was located in Penfield, NY at 1601 Jackson Road, area code 14526. It was called the Yellow House. When I walked in, everyone was very welcoming and nice. Many people stared at me intensely as I entered the Yellow House. I think they thought I was a recovering alcoholic, until I explained to them later that I was there to listen and observe for a school project for my drugs and behavior class. The place was very cozy inside, had a number of chairs lined up for everyone to sit down and coffee ready to drink. I sat down in one of the chairs. A lady came up to me and handed me a coin that said â€Å"24 hours recovery†; this was before I had the chance to tell her that I was there to observe for a school project. I guess when you go to an alcoholic anonymous meeting for the first time you get awarded a 24 hour recovery coin to make you feel good and know you’re doing something good to help you recover from your alcoholic addiction. The meeting started promptly at 5:30 P.M. like it said it would. The leaders read out announcements and let everybody know if someone new has showed up. If you’re new joining alcoholics anonymous, you introduce yourself by saying your name and stating you are an alcoholic, and then everyone else in the room say â€Å"hi†¦Ã¢â‚¬  whatever your name is to make you feel welcome. Then the person can either talk more about why they came or stop talking and then another person will randomly say their name and why they are attending and so on. There was a vast majority of adults and older people in their 50s or 60s. There were a couple grandfathers, grandmothers and one or two kids my age. I sat next to a kid who was around the same age as me and I felt shocked that he would be attending this type of meeting at such a young age. As the stories from the crowd of people kept going on, I recognized everyone clapping very deliberately and diligent at everyone’s accomplishments for the most little to no importance scenarios, for instance, a man got up and said he had been sober for 90 days and everyone clapped for a really long time. I also realized everyone laughed at everything that was the least bit funny to make it feel like a warm, comfortable, atmosphere. There are meetings every night at this place in Penfield at 5:30 P.M. Each meeting has a different name every night. The meeting I went to was called a â€Å"First Step† meeting. It was for people attending the yellow house or an alcoholic anonymous meeting somewhere for the first time and admitting they are an alcoholic and that they want to get sober. When you start the program, you commit yourself to following a â€Å"12 step program† and attending 90 days of alcoholics anonymous. The first step states â€Å"We admitted we were powerless over alcohol-that our lives had become unmanageable.† And when you finish the program, you end with the last step, step number twelve, which states: â€Å"Having had a spiritual awakening as the result of these steps, we tried to carry this message to alcoholics, and to practice these principles in all our affairs.† Attending the alcoholics anonymous groups around the world has changed many recovering alcoholics lives and brought stability to their mind body and soul.

Third Battle of Kharkov in World War II

Third Battle of Kharkov in World War II The Third Battle of Kharkov was fought between Feb. 19 and March 15, 1943, during World War II. As the  Battle of Stalingrad  was concluding in early February 1943, Soviet forces launched Operation Star. Conducted by Colonel General Filipp Golikovs Voronezh Front, the goals of the operation were the capture of Kursk and Kharkov. Spearheaded by four tank corps under Lieutenant-General Markian Popov, the Soviet offensive initially met with success and drove back German forces. On Feb. 16, Soviet troops liberated Kharkov. Angered by the loss of the city, Adolf Hitler flew to the front to assess the situation and meet with the commander of Army Group South, Field Marshal Erich von Manstein. Though he desired an immediate counterattack to re-take Kharkov, Hitler ceded control to von Manstein when Soviet troops neared Army Group Souths headquarters. Unwilling to launch a direct assault against the Soviets, the German commander planned a counterstroke against the Soviet flank once they became overextended. For the coming battle, he intended to isolate and destroy the Soviet spearheads before mounting a campaign to re-take Kharkov. This done, Army Group South would coordinate with Army Group Center to the north in re-taking Kursk. Commanders Soviet Union Colonel General Konstantin RokossovskyColonel General Nickolay VatutinColonel General Filipp Golikov Germany Field Marshal Erich von MansteinGeneral Paul HausserGeneral Eberhard von MackensenGeneral Hermann Hoth The Battle Begins Commencing operations on February 19, von Manstein directed General Paul Haussers SS Panzer Corps to strike south as a screening force for a larger assault by General Hermann Hoths Fourth Panzer Army. Hoths command and General Eberhard von Mackensens First Panzer Army were ordered to attack into the overextended flank of the Soviet 6th and 1st Guards Armies. Meeting with success, the early days of the offensive saw German troops breakthrough and sever Soviet supply lines. On February 24, von Mackensens men succeeded in surrounding a large part of Popovs Mobile Group. German troops also succeeded in surrounding a large portion of the Soviet 6th Army. Responding to the crisis, the Soviet high command (Stavka) began directing reinforcements to the area. Also, on February 25, Colonel General Konstantin Rokossovsky launched a major offensive with his Central Front against the junction of Army Groups South and Center. Though his men had some success on the flanks, going in the center of the advance was slow. As the fighting progressed, the southern flank was halted by the Germans while the northern flank began to overextend itself. With the Germans exerting heavy pressure on Colonel General Nikolai F. Vatutins Southwestern Front, Stavka transferred 3th Tank Army to his command. Attacking the Germans on March 3, this force took heavy losses from enemy air attacks. In the resulting fighting, its 15th Tank Corps was encircled while its 12th Tank Corps was compelled to retreat north. The German successes early in the battle opened a large gap in the Soviet lines through which von Manstein pushed his offensive against Kharkov. By March 5, elements of Fourth Panzer Army were within 10 miles of the city. Striking at Kharkov Though concerned about the approaching spring thaw, von Manstein pushed toward Kharkov. Rather than advance to the east of the city, he ordered his men to move to the west then north to encircle it. On March 8, SS Panzer Corps completed its drive north, splitting the Soviet 69th and 40th Armies before turning east the next day. In place on March 10, Hausser received orders from Hoth to take the city as soon as possible. Though von Manstein and Hoth wished him to continue the encirclement, Hausser directly attacked Kharkov from the north and west on March 11. Pressing into northern Kharkov, the Leibstandarte SS Panzer Division met heavy resistance and only gained a foothold in the city with the aid of air support. The Das Reich SS Panzer Division attacked into the western side of the city the same day. Stopped by a deep anti-tank ditch, they breached it that night and pushed on to the Kharkov train station. Late that night, Hoth finally succeeded in making Hausser comply with his orders and this division disengaged and moved to blocking positions east of the city. On March 12, Leibstandarte division renewed its attack south. Over the next two days, it endured brutal urban fighting as German troops cleared the city house-by-house. By the night of March 13/14, German troops controlled two-thirds of Kharkov. Attacking again the next, they secured the remainder of the city. Though the battle largely concluded on March 14, some fighting continued on the 15th and 16th as German forces expelled Soviet defenders from a factory complex in the south. The Aftermath of the Third Battle of Kharkov Dubbed the Donets Campaign by the Germans, the Third Battle of Kharkov saw them shatter fifty-two Soviet divisions while inflicting approximately 45,300 killed/missing and 41,200 wounded. Pushing out from the Kharkov, von Mansteins forces drove northeast and secured Belgorod on March 18. With his men exhausted and the weather turning against him, von Manstein was compelled to call a halt to offensive operations. As a result, he was unable to press on to Kursk as he had originally intended. The German victory at the Third Battle of Kharkov set the stage for the massive Battle of Kursk that summer. Sources World War II Database: Third Battle of KharkovTimelines: Third Battle of KharkovHistory of War: Third Battle of Kharkov

4 questions to ask at the end of an interview

4 questions to ask at the end of an interview It’s game time- the interview is here. You prepped well. You aced the handshake, anticipated the questions they asked, and wowed them with your smooth, competent demeanor and relevant work anecdotes. Or maybe it wasn’t your best interview (it happens), and you need a way to salvage the whole thing. Either way, as the interview is wrapping up, it’s time to close strong. This is your chance to leave a valuable impression on your way out. At this point, most interviewers will open the floor to you by asking if you have any other questions. Before you simply shake hands and say â€Å"thank you for your time,† consider asking these four questions to finish strong. 1. â€Å"How would you describe the culture here in the office?†This question shows that you’re already thinking about how you can fit in and add value to this company. It also gives you an unofficial glimpse into what the company is like- information that you can’t necessarily ge t from online research. The interviewer is unlikely to tell you the â€Å"warts and all† version (after all, they brought you in because they may be inviting you to join the team and have no interest in scaring you away), but it’s a good way to get an initial feel for whether the job will truly be a good fit for you.2. â€Å"What’s been your favorite part about working for this company?†This engages the interviewer’s personal side, letting them give an opinion that isn’t necessarily based on the company motto or the job description. The answer can be even more revealing about the day-to-day life at the company than asking, â€Å"What’s the day-to-day like here?† For example, at one interview I asked this question and was pleasantly surprised to find out that once a month the company throws a pizza party for employees and holds regular events like employee bake-offs and craft fairs. That told me that the company valued employee morale, and was a deciding factor when I accepted the job. If the interviewer seems stumped by this question and has to think for a while before answering what he or she likes about the place, then†¦that may be a red flag, which is also good information to have.3. â€Å"What experience best prepared you for working here?†Again, this engages with the interviewer and gets them responding candidly without being too intrusive or personal. It shows that you’re invested in preparing for this job. It also tells you about the kinds of skills that will serve you best in this role, regardless of what’s in the job description. For example, if the interviewer tells you that working for a chaotic small company prepared her for the â€Å"all hands on deck† attitude of this place, it tells you that teamwork is prized here. You can respond by saying something like, â€Å"I thrive in that kind of atmosphere too. Working at a small mom-and-pop store taught me how val uable it is for everyone to pitch in to get the job done.†4. â€Å"How would you describe the leadership style here?†Up to this point, it’s likely that the interview was focused on the job itself and your qualifications. This question opens it up a bit and tells you more about the expectations of the company for this job- whether it’s a hands-on management kind of company (or potentially micromanaging), or a leadership style that relies on employees being more independent. It also tells the interviewer that you’re thinking about creating a productive, in-tune relationship with your potential manager.As with all interview questions, it’s important to read the flow of the interview. If you’ve covered any of these topics earlier, no need to rehash them at the end- it could look like you weren’t paying attention. But making sure you have a potential list of thoughtful, engaged questions ready to go will help you finish the interview in a polished, professional way.

Is Google and Verizon's Net Neutrality Proposal Socially Responsible Research Paper

Is Google and Verizon's Net Neutrality Proposal Socially Responsible - Research Paper Example (Patel, 2010) In this announcement, Google and Verizon listed three reasons behind their position: â€Å"to preserve the open Internet and the vibrant and innovative markets it supports† â€Å"to protect consumers† â€Å"to promote continued investment in broadband access† (Verizon-Google, 2010) Barbara Van Schewick of Stanford Law School has published a public law paper titled â€Å"Network Neutrality: What a Non-Discrimination Rule Should Look Like† (2010) defining network neutrality as relating to â€Å"the debate over whether governments should establish rules limiting the extent to which network providers can interfere with the applications and content on their networks.† (Van Schewick, 2010) She states that the European Union, the UK, France, Germany and the US are currently evaluating the implementation of net neutrality laws that would either prohibit or permit the carriers to discriminate between web traffic based on source, application, an d other criteria undefined, as well as whether preferred treatment for some web content represents a problem for broadband policy. (Van Schewick, 2010) As there is a generally accepted position validating government interest and regulation of the issue on claims of the â€Å"public good,† net neutrality in this essay will refer primarily to legislative attempts that prohibit content discrimination by carriers and internet service providers. This essay will further analyze the Google-Verizon â€Å"joint policy proposal† by using the standards established by Barbara Van Schewick in â€Å"Network Neutrality: What a Non-Discrimination Rule Should Look Like† (2010) as a reference for an ideal â€Å"public good† legislation, critically analyzing her reasoning and assumptions in the process. In summarizing the position taken by Google and Verizon vs. arguments for the public good, the essay will also consider popular media commentary including tech blogs such as CNET, TechCrunch, Endgadget, and Popular Science as examples of the broader public consensus and IT community viewpoint on these proposals. Finally, the position paper produced by the Electric Frontier Foundation (EFF) will be referenced as an example of the civil libertarian view. In this manner the corporate proposal as advocated by Google and Verizon will be analyzed in the context of mainstream tech community views, the â€Å"public good† legal standard advocated by Stanford Law School, and also from the civil libertarian perspective in constitutional law. This is necessary because the corporate viewpoint claims to be acting on behalf of the â€Å"public good† but may in fact be protecting or furthering the interests of company profit over other issues that are important to a pluralistic society. Consumer Protections: â€Å"A broadband Internet access service provider would be prohibited from preventing users of its broadband Internet access service from— (1) sending and receiving lawful content of their choice; (2) running lawful applications and using lawful services of their choice; and (3) connecting their choice of legal devices that do not harm the network or service, facilitate theft of service, or harm other users of the service.† (Verizon-Google, 2010) The use of the term â€Å"lawful† repeatedly in this first section highlights one of the main issues under contention, which is that Google, Verizon, and

Approaches To Crime Prevention Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Approaches To Crime Prevention - Assignment Example Government takes these prevention measures in order to reduce the ratio of crimes in the society, enforce the law and thus maintaining the environment of justice and peace in the society. The application of these crime preventive measures is very important for any community. These criminals actually use negative ways in order to harm the community people and thus gain advantage of their own. There should be strict rules and regulations and then a strong control system on the implementation of these rules will definitely help community people. There are different approaches of crime prevention that can be used in different situations. These different situations may be based on the difference in the activities, difference in focus of intrusion and the difference in the effects of those crimes. Various models have been identified so far (Morgan et. al., 2012). Everything has been systematic now. Same is the case with our criminal justice system. It has developed into a better and beneficial system now, just because of the scientific changes made in it (Geoffrey, 2012). The variety in the crime preventive approaches is the result of all the strategically changes made in it. These approaches may include community prevention approach, family prevention approach, situational environmental approach and developmental environmental approach. The analysis of all these four approaches is given below in detail. Law enforcement was the best policy by the Court in order to take preventive measures against the crimes but as there are several reasons behind crime commitment, so there must be several techniques in order to stop them. Only law enforcement would not be enough for them. Therefore in addition to law enforcement the above four approaches were introduced within different periods. There are some approaches, which actually involves citizens and the community in order to enhance the effectiveness of the crime prevention measures

Situational Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Situational Business Ethics - Essay Example From this discussion it is clear that the hospitality industry, such as hotels and restaurants, has to a certain extent a form of unwritten code of ethics, which inexplicably nestle in the heads of employers or managers. Hence, a code of conduct expressing a restaurant’s ethics is as significant as a successful marketing plan. When a restaurant chain enlarges its operation globally, local talent should be employed and trained in relation to: honesty, responsibility, harmony, understanding, and quality. Moreover, equality of all employees in relation to human rights should be addressed justly, promptly and rightfully to the contentment of all involved. This study outlines that the subsequent reaction of the customer and the management to Hatton’s actions contributed to the ethical dilemmas that the company has to resolve through the peer-review process. In this case study ethical issues and possible problem or conflict resolutions will be discussed. Of course, there is a necessity to communicate ethical practices and an effective management is not possible if ethical conducts are not forcefully carried out. Serving others is a dignified line of work and can be exercised in a polite and honest fashion with sensible ethical imperatives to gain the advantages of growth, prosperity, and success. The primary stakeholders in the study are Ruth Hatton, the customer, and Diane Canant, the supervisor. Ruth Hatton’s responsibility is to be well-informed with their Code of Business Ethics and Conduct and conform to all policies and procedures of the company. Claims of lack of knowledge, poor judgment, or good intentions will no t be tolerated as reasons for failure to comply.